Lab 7 - 9 Qualitative Analysis Data Sheet

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Procedure #	Liquid or Solid Used	Reagent	Observation	Ppt contains	Centrifugate Contains	Applicable Equations
1	Group I, II, III, IV	HCl	White & Yellow	AgCl, Hg2Cl2,   PbCl2	Group 2, 3, and 4	Ag+ + HCl  à AgCl + H+ 2Hg+ + 2HCl à Hg2Cl2 + 2H+ Pb2+ + 2HCl à PbCl2 + 2H+
2	PPT From #1	Hot H2O	PPT Still Present	AgCl, HgCl2	Pb2+	PbCl­2 + H2­O + Heat à Pb2+ (aq) + Cl-(aq)
3	Half of decant from #2	K2CrO2	Yellow Precipitate	PbCrO4	N/A	Pb2+ (aq) + K2CrO4 à PbCrO4 + 2K+
	Other half of decant	H2SO4	White Precipitate	PbSO4	N/A	H2SO4 + Pb2+ à PbSO4 + 2H+
4a	PPT From #2	NH3	Black/Gray PPT	Hg + HgNH2Cl	Ag(NH3­)2+	AgCl + 2 NH3 à Ag(NH3­)2+ + Cl- Hg2Cl2 + NH3 à Hg(l) + HgNH2Cl(s) + NH4+ + Cl-
4b	Decantate	HNO3	White Precipitate	AgCl	N/A	Ag(NH3)2+(aq) + 2H+(aq) →  Ag+(aq) + 2 NH4+(aq) Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) →  AgCl(s)
5	Decant from #1	H2O2, (NH4)2S, NH4C2H3, H2O, Heat	Dark/Hunter Green	PbS, Bi2S3, CuS, CdS	Group III and IV	Pb2+ + S2- à PbS 2Bi3+ + 3S2- à Bi2S3 Cu2+ + S2- à CuS Cd2+ + S2- à CdS
6a	PPT From #5	HNO3, H2SO4, Heat	Yellow Crystal Forms, ions   dissolve, and White Smoke Appears	Sulfur	Group II ions	PbS + 2 NO3- +4H+ à Pb2+ + S +2NO2 + 2H2O CuS + 2 NO3- +4H+ à Cu2+ + S +2NO2 + 2H2O CdS + 2 NO3- +4H+ à Cd2+ + S +2NO2 + 2H2O Bi2S3 + 6 NO3- +12H+ à 2Bi2+ + 3S +6NO2 + 6H2O
6b	Decant from 6a	Ice, NH4, HC2H3O2, KCr2O4	White Precipitate, Then Dissolve, Then Yellow PPT	PbSO4	Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+	Pb2+ + SO42- + ICE à PbSO4 + Heat PbSO4 + 3NH4 + C2H3O2 à Pb(C2H3O2­­­)3- + NH4 + SO42- Pb(C2H3O2­­­)3- + KCrO4 à PbCrO4 + 3(C2H3O2)- + K+
7a	Decant from #6	NH3	Blue	Bi(OH)3(s)	Cu(NH3)42+,   Cd(NH3)42+	Bi3 + 3NH3 +3H2O à Bi(OH)3 +3NH4+ Cu2+ + 4NH3 à Cu(NH3)42+ (blue) Cd2+ + 4NH3 à Cd(NH3)42+
		NaOH, SnCl2
7b	PPT From #7a	H2O, NaOH, SnCl2	Jet Black	Bi(S)	N/A	SnCl2 +3NaOH à Sn(OH)3- +3Na+ +2Cl- BiOH + SnOH à SN(OH)62- + Bi0(S)
8	5drops Decant from #7	HC2H3O2	Lost Color	N/A	Cu2Fe(CN)6	Cu(NH3)42+ + 4HCH3CO2­ à Cu2++ 4NH4 + 4CH3CO­2 2Cu2+ + K4Fe(CN)6 à CuFe(CN)6 4K-
		K4Fe(CN)6	Turned Red
9	Decant from #7	KCN, (NH4)2S	Yellow	CdS	N/A	Cd(NH3)42+ + 4CN- àCd(CN)42-+4(NH3) Cd(CN)42- ßà Cd2+ + 4CN- Cd2+ + S2- à CdS
10a	Decant from #5	NH4Cl NH3	Blackish	NiS (Black) FeS (Black) CoS (Brown) MnS (Pink)	Group IV	Fe2+ + S2- à FeS Co2+ + S2- à CoS Ni2+ + S2- à NiS Mn2+ + S2- à MnS
10b	Precipitate  from 10a	(NH4)2S Heat NH4C2H3O2		NiS
11	PPT from #10	HCl, Heat, HNO3 H2O,  NaOH H2O2	PPT Dissolves Sulfur PPT	Sulfur	N/A	Fe3+ + 3(OH)- à Fe(OH)3 (red) Ni2+ + 2(OH)- à Ni(OH)2 (Green) Mn2+ + 2(OH)- à Mn(OH)2 (part 1) Mn(OH)2 + 2(OH)- à MnO2 +2(H2O)  (Part 2) MnO2 + H2O2  à MnO +H2O + O2  (Blackish brown) 2Co(OH)3 + H2O2 à 2Co(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 (pink to blue) (Note: the mechanism for Co and Mn are similar – I abbreviated the Co formula here)
			Darkened	Fe(OH)3 Ni(OH)2 MnO Co(OH)2
12	¼ of PPT from #11	KSCN	Red	Fe(SCN)63-		Fe3+ + 6SCN- à Fe(SCN)63-
13	¼ of PPT from #11	NaF NaSCN	Blue hue	Co(SCN)43+		Co2+ + 4(SCN)- à Co(SCN)42-
14	¼ of PPT from #11	NH3DMG (dimethylgloxime)	Strawberry Red	NiC8H4N4O4		Ni2+ + 6NH3 à Ni(NH3)62+
						Ni(NH3)62+ + 2(CH3)2C2(NOH)2 à NiC8H4N4O4 + 2NH4++4NH3
15	¼ of PPT from #11	H2O HNO3 NaBiO3	Purple (pink to reddish purple)	MnO4-		2Mn2+ + 5HBiO3 + 9H+ à 2MnO4 + 5Bi3+ + 7H2O